Servicios Legales y Consultoría
Asesoría fiable para sus necesidades migratorias
Todos necesitamos a veces que nos echen una mano. Empecemos ya a construir un plan para su futuro en los Estados Unidos.
Inmigración familiar
Existen varias opciones para traer a un familiar a los Estados Unidos, o ajustar el estatus dentro de los Estados Unidos, si reune los requisitos. Haga clic en las siguientes opciones para obtener más información sobre los tipos de casos en los que podemos ayudarle.
Si usted ingresó a los Estados Unidos con un parole (ingreso condicional) o con una visa, y es el/la conyuge, padre/madre, hijo biológico, adoptado o hijastro menor a 21 años y soltero de un ciudadano estadounidense, es posible que pueda ajustar su estatus (conseguir su residencia) sin salir de los Estados Unidos. Si no está actualmente en diligencias de expulsión (con un caso en el tribunal) es probable que podrá presentar todos sus solicitudes juntos, las cuales incluyen su petición I-130, la I-485 Solicitud para Ajuste de Estatus, su solicitud I-765 de permiso de trabajo, su I-131 solicitud de ingreso condicional anticipado (advance parole), y su solicitud I-601a para una exención por presencia no autorizada, de ser necesario. A esto se le llama un ajuste de paso único (one-step adjustment). Actualmente, las solicitudes de ajuste de estatus están tardando entre 1 y 2 años para recibir el resultado, aunque algunas personas con nuevas solicitudes están viendo que las están procesando mucho más rápido. Si usted no ingresó legalmente, puede que igual pueda ajustar su estatus sin salir si reune los requisitos para un ingreso condicional retroactivo militar (vea abajo). Si usted es pariente directo de alguien que ha cumplido servicio militar, o si usted ha cumplido servicio militar, puede que esta sea una opción para usted. Tamber es una veterana de las Reservas de la Fuerza Aerea de los Estados Unidos, y a ella le encanta buscar soluciones para veteranos y sus familiares.
If you did not enter legally, you may still be able to adjust in the United States if you are eligible for parole in place (PIP) (see below!). If you an immediate family member of someone who has served in the military, or if you have served in the military, this may be an option for you. Tamber is a veteran of the U.S. Air Force Reserves, and loves finding immigration solutions for veterans and their families.
Si usted no ha ingresado a los Estados Unidos de forma legal, o si desea traer un familiar a los Estados Unidos, es posible que la vía del proceso consular sea una opción. Un proceso consular implica varios pasos, detallados a continuación, y puede tarde un año o un par de años para completarse.
- 1. Primero, se tiene que presentar una petición I-130 (petición de visa de inmigrante).
- 2. Después de que se apruebe la I-130, suponiendo que la presencia sin autorización es el único problema migratorio que tiene, puede pagar el honorario al Centro Nacional de Visas (NVC, por sus siglas en inglés) para iniciar el proceso de presentar los documentos necesarios para conseguir una entrevista y una visa. De ser necesario, puede presentar también un formulario I-601A para solicitar una exención a la inadmisibilidad por estar presente ilegalmente en los Estados Unidos, si tiene más de 180 días sin estatus legal. Esto se tiene que tramitar y aprobarse antes de terminar el proceso con el NVC y antes de salir del país para su entrevista para la vista. Si va a traer un familiar que nunca ha estado en los Estados Unidos o que nunca ha quedado más tiempo de lo autorizado, el paso de pedir la exención no es necesario. 3. El próximo paso es el de presentar su solicitud, incluyendo su DS-260 y una Declaración de Manutención Económica (affidavit of support), con las pruebas correspondientes, en el portal CEAC (Consular Electronic Application Center, o Centro Electrónico de Solicitudes Consulares). Una vez que se hayan presentado todos los documentos y el caso esté completo, el NVC enviará su caso al consulado donde tendrá su entrevista, y se programará la cita. Usted viajará a su país de orígen y completar los pasos para recibir una visa de inmigrante. Normalmente estará fuera del país por unas semanas o un par de meses antes de poder regresar, suponiendo que se aprueba la visa.
- Then, you will submit your application, including a DS-260 and an Affidavit of Support, with supporting documents, through the Consular Electronic Application Center, or CEAC. Once all your documents have been submitted, the NVC will send your case to the consulate where you will have your interview, and an appointment will be scheduled. You will travel to your home country and complete the steps to be granted an immigrant visa, and you will normally be out of the country for a few weeks to a couple of months before you can return, assuming your visa is granted.
Asegúrese de consultar con un abogado migratorio antes de comenzar este proceso, ya que si tiene cualquier antecedente penal o migratorio negativeo aparte de la presencia sin autorización, aunque nunca haya sido arrestado o acusado, o si usted o un familiar directo haya recibido ciertas prestaciones públicas (haga clic aquí para leer información actualizada del Departamento de Estado sobre el causal de inadmisibilidad conocido como el de carga pública), podría suceder que se quede fuera de los Estados Unidos por un periódo de tiempo largo o permanentemente.
Si es ciudadano/a de los Estados Unidos y se casará con alguien que vendrá a los Estados Unidos para vivir con usted, puede que quiera considerar solicitar una visa de prometidos en vez de optar por el proceso de una visa de inmigrantes. Contáctenos para programar una consulta para determinar si tiene más sentido casarse con su prometido/a y completar el proceso de visa de inmigrante que se describió en la parte anterior, o si mejor prefiere solicitar una visa de prometidos y así casarse dentro de los Estados Unidos para luego completar el proceso de ajuste de estatus con su pareja como familiar directo.
Muchas personas vienen a los Estados Unidos por vías irregulares, es decir, sin entrar por un punto de ingreso autorizado en la frontera o por un puerto marítimo o en un aeropuerto. Estas personas, con pocas excepciones, no pueden ajustar su estatus dentro de los Estados Unidos.
En los Estados Unidos, se ha reconocido que miembros de las fuerzas armadas y veteranos, junto con sus familias, pueden verse afectados por la inabilidad de ajustar su estatus sin salir de los Estados Unidos para hacer el proceso consular, lo cual puede ser poco conveniente o imposible. Para quitar el obstáculo de inadmisibilidad que el ingreso ilícito representa, familiares directos (conyuges, hijos solteros menores a 21 años, y padres) de militares pueden solicitar un remedio conocido como 'parole in place' (ingreso condicional retroactivo, o PIP por sus siglas en inglés), el cual genera un ingreso legal ficticio que permite que el proceso de ajuste proceda. Si no es posible que el familiar del militar ajuste su estatus de inmediato (por ejemplo, si no hay una visa disponible de inmediato, o si no es posible por razones económicas que ajuste el estatus de inmediato), el PIP militar también permite que el beneficiario solicite un permiso de trabajo. El PIP militar tiene que ser renovado cada año si el beneficiario no ajusta su estatus.
Si el solicitante que reune los requisitos no ingresó de forma ilícita, sino que se quedó más del tiempo autorizado por su visa y por lo tanto está en riesgo que ser expulsado, es posible que solicitar la acción diferida sea una opción si un ajuste de estatus no es posible. La acción diferida otorga dos años de estancia autorizada, y el beneficiario podrá solicitar un permiso de trabajo.
Aprenda más sobre remedios migratorios especiales para militares y sus familias.
If your specific situation is not listed here, you may still be able to adjust your status or apply for an immigrant visa through a family member. If you fall into one of the below categories (known as ‘preference immigrant categories’), you may still have options to come to the United States or remain in the United States, but it may take longer and/or you may be subject to additional requirements. Contact us for more information.
- First preference (F1) – unmarried sons and daughters (21 years of age and older) of U.S. citizens;
- Second preference (F2A) – spouses and children (unmarried and under 21 years of age) of lawful permanent residents;
- Second preference (F2B) – unmarried sons and daughters (21 years of age and older) of lawful permanent residents;
- Third preference (F3) – married sons and daughters of U.S. citizens; and
- Fourth preference (F4) – brothers and sisters of U.S. citizens (if the U.S. citizen is 21 years of age and older).
Learn more about the preference categories here.
Family-based Immigration
Detención y fianzas
Detention, Release, and Bond
Si su amigo o ser querido está detenido, pueden existir opciones para lograr su libertad. La detención siempre es una emergencia, y cuando acepto un caso de detención, trabajo de forma rápida y transparente para lograr la libertad de mis clientes. A continuación hay la información que normalmente comparto acerca de la detención y libertad para que se oriente.
Most people are detained because they entered the United States illegally or presented themselves at a port of entry without a visa or other entry permission.
When this happens, they are usually held for processing for up to a week or two by border patrol. Many people, particularly families with children, are released directly by border patrol with instructions to report to ICE and/or to an alternatives to detention program within a certain amount of time.
In other cases, people are held by border patrol and then sent directly back to Mexico or to their country of origin under Title 42, an extraordinary program that is set to end in 2023 with the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returns under title 42 are not removals and do not have the same consequences as a removal. Alternatively, border patrol may send people back with an expedited removal order. These are removals and carry serious consequences if a person returns illegally after being returned with one of these.
If the migrant or asylum seeker is not returned by border patrol or released, they may be transferred to ICE custody at one of many detention centers throughout the United States. What happens next depends on whether they arrived in ICE custody with an expedited removal order after expressing fear of return to their country or not. If they have an expedited removal order and have expressed fear, they will then usually be held (with very limited exceptions) until they complete a credible fear interview (or reasonable fear interview, if they have ever been removed from the United States before). If they do not have an expedited removal order, they will receive a Notice to Appear and a date to appear before an immigration judge. ICE may release them at any time, either with a bond or on their own recognizance (promise to report), or they may request a bond hearing before an immigration judge.
There is no way to predict whether a person will be subject to the credible fear process or will be placed into regular removal proceedings. It is not the person’s fault if they are placed in credible fear proceedings instead of regular immigration judge proceedings.
There are many reasons why a person who has already entered the United States may be detained. In all circumstances, it is because someone who is subject to removal, or alleged to be subject to removal, came to the attention of immigration authorities. This can happen at Border Patrol checkpoints, as a result of contact with law enforcement, during reporting appointments with ICE, or sheer bad luck. Depending on the circumstances, the person may be placed into expedited removal, or (in most cases where the individual is caught within the United States) may be placed into regular removal proceedings before an immigration judge.
After a person is detained by ICE, ICE may choose to release that person. This can take a number of forms. If ICE releases a person after they have gone through the credible fear process, the type of release is (or should be argued to be) parole under Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) section 212(d)(5). ICE may release other individuals with parole as well, although this is currently uncommon. If an individual is in regular proceedings and ICE releases them, they are usually released under ICE’s authority under Section 236 of the INA. If ICE releases a person in its custody, it may release them on their own recognizance (free) or with a bond (payable in full before the person can be released). See aquí for locations where bond can be paid. Only U.S. citizens and permanent residents should post bond for detained individuals.
It is almost always best to request release from ICE before seeking bond before an immigration judge. Usually, immigration judge (IJ) bond is higher than ICE bonds. Cubans in particular should try all avenues for release before ICE before seeking IJ bond, as it may be possible to argue that they can qualify for Cuban adjustment if ICE releases them, but not if they are released by an immigration judge. Immigration judges cannot grant parole, which is essential for Cubans and immediate relatives of qualifying petitioners to seek adjustment of status.
If ICE does not agree to release a detained person, it might be possible to request bond before an immigration judge. Keep in mind that the following individuals cannot, at this time, apply for bond before an immigration judge, and are beholden to ICE discretion for possible release:
- People who have entered the United States illegally and who go through the credible fear process, whether they pass or not. People in this category have at different times been able to seek immigration judge bond, but as of August 2022, they are no longer able to do so. This issue is under litigation.
- People who are classified as ‘arriving aliens’, that is, people who have presented at a port of entry and who are then detained, even if they pass a credible fear interview.
- People who have been removed from the United States before and who are detained and pass a reasonable fear interview. These individuals will be in what is known as ‘withholding only’ proceedings, and only ICE can release them.
Procesos de expulsión
Si está en un proceso de expulsión, es esencial buscar y contratar un abogado lo más antes posible. No espere hasta su audiencia individual para encontrar un abogado. A continuación se ofrece información generalizada acerca de las diligencias de expulsión y las defensas posibles para orientarle al proceso.
The first hearing in a removal proceeding is the Master Calendar Hearing. People who are in removal proceedings may have one or more master calendar hearings. In some situations, where they hire a lawyer right away, the lawyer may handle the matters normally dealt with in person at this hearing in writing, and in that case this initial hearing may not be held.
At a master calendar hearing, the key people present are the Immigration Judge (IJ), the Respondent (the immigrant the government wants to remove), the respondent’s lawyer, if they have one, the lawyer for the Department of Homeland Security (the agency that is trying to remove the immigrant), and an interpreter, if needed.
The IJ may choose to continue (postpone) the master calendar hearing, especially if the person asks for more time to find a lawyer or for other reasons, or the IJ will try to establish that the person is removable. If the judge finds the person is in fact removable, the IJ will ask about possible defenses, such as asylum or cancellation of removal (more information below). The IJ will then set other deadlines, and may schedule another master calendar hearing or an individual hearing.
It is very important that you have a lawyer examine your case before you agree that you are removable from the United States. It is very difficult to take back anything you admit to during this hearing, so try to have a lawyer help you with this if possible.
If you are in removal proceedings, the only way to avoid getting an order of removal is by presenting a defense. There are many defenses that you and your attorney might raise if you are in removal proceedings, depending on your situation and why you are in removal proceedings, so the below is not a complete list.
The most common defenses, or applications that people file to avoid being removed, are the following:
- Asylum, which is for people who are afraid to return to their countries because they are at risk of persecution (serious harm or death) that the government or someone else will do to them because of their race, religion, political opinion, nationality, or membership in a particular social group. It can be difficult to tell if you qualify for asylum or related forms of relief, such as protection under the Convention against Torture (CAT) or withholding of removal, so be sure to talk to an attorney about your case.
- Cancellation of removal for non-permanent residents, for certain people who have been in the United States for at least ten years and whose removal would cause ‘exceptional and extremely unusual hardship’ to a U.S. citizen or legal permanent resident child, spouse, or parent
- Cancellation of removal for permanent residents, for certain people who are at risk of losing their resident status and who have been a resident for five years after living in the U.S. continuously for seven years
- Special rule cancellation of removal under NACARA or the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA). VAWA cancellation may be available to people who are the victims of abuse by a U.S. citizen or permanent resident spouse, child, or parent, who meet certain residency, good moral character, and hardship qualifications.
- Voluntary departure, which allows qualifying respondents to leave the country voluntarily to avoid a removal order.
Your Individual or Merits Hearing is your “trial.” This is the hearing where the immigration judge (IJ) will make a decision about any application you have filed to avoid removal. You will need to be prepared to present your testimony and any witnesses, and make legal arguments about why you should be allowed to stay in the country. A lawyer can help you prepare for this hearing, and should file evidence, legal briefing (written arguments), lists of witnesses, and other required documents by the deadlines the IJ has set for these filings.
If the immigration judge (IJ) denies your application, and you disagree, you must file a Notice of Appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) within thirty days, and it must be received (not just sent) by this deadline. The BIA will then send out an order with deadlines for briefs (written legal arguments) to be sent to the BIA. Your lawyer should file this brief by the deadline set by the BIA. The BIA will then make a decision about your case.
You cannot submit new evidence to the BIA, so it is important that all of your evidence be submitted before your hearing with the immigration judge. The BIA will make its decision based on what happened in that hearing, what you submitted before that hearing, and the arguments your lawyer presents.
If you win your appeal, this might be the end of your case, or you might have another hearing with the IJ. If you lose, you may choose to appeal your case to a federal appeals court, or circuit court. You must file that appeal, called a Petition for Review (PFR) within thirty days of when the BIA denies your appeal.
Procesos de expulsión
Ciudadanía
Ciudadanía
Si usted es un residente permanente, puede que se está preguntando cuando puede hacerse ciudadano. Haga clic aquí para una orientación general de la naturalización según su situación, o revise abajo.
If you have been married to a U.S. citizen for three years, are 18 years of age or older, have lived at your current address for at least three months, have maintained “good moral character” for the past three years, including filing tax returns each year, have not committed, at any time, certain disqualifying crimes, and meet physical residency requirements, you may be eligible to file for citizenship. Click aquí to learn more.
If you are at least 18 years old, have been a permanent resident for at least five years, have been physically present in the United States for at least 30 months during the last five years with continuous residence during at least the five years before you file your citizenship application, you may be eligible to apply for naturalization. As with the other naturalization tracks, you’ll also have to demonstrate good moral character for the required time period, and pass an English and Civics test. You can review the full list of eligibility requirements aquí.
Para Abogados
Ofrezco apoyo para los casos de otros abogados por contrato. ¡Contácteme para más información!
I can provide high-quality Spanish interpretation and translation for your immigration cases. I am a federally certified court interpreter with years of experience as an interpreter in immigration court as well as federal and state courts. In addition to translation, I can also review Spanish-language documents and social media your clients might provide to you to determine if they are relevant to your case and therefore should be translated.
Additionally, I regularly perform Spanish-language research to find articles and reports that might support your client’s claim. Your client may not be able to provide you with publicly available evidence in their own language, either because they do not know what to look for, do not know what exists, or simply lack the technological skills to look for it. In many cases, I have uncovered critical supporting evidence by searching social media and other online sources in Spanish.
Finally, I can review DAR transcripts of immigration hearings to uncover inaccuracies in interpretation that could support an appeal, and provide expert testimony regarding interpretation issues.
Need help writing a brief, researching a discrete issue, drafting a declaration, or looking for someone to stand in for you at a master calendar hearing in Arizona or remotely? Feel free to reach out for fees and availability!